1.Apa yang dimaksud reference words? 2. Sebutkan apa yang disebut reference words!

REFERENCE (KATA RUJUKAN)

1.      Anaphora (sth before)
Rujukan terhadap sesuatu yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya). Kata-kata rujukannya seperti pada kolom Reference di table di bawah)

Reference

Refers to

It / its

Single noun before

She / her / hers

Single female person before

He / his / him

Single male person before

They / their / theirs

Plural nouns before

This / that

Noun / phrase / clause / sentence before

There  / here

Place (mentioned) before


**catatan :

a.       “It” sebagai kata ganti (pronoun) benda tunggal, misalnya menggantikan : a cat, the photo, my camera, the dream, an organization, the boy’s activity, dll.

b.      “He” sebagai kata ganti orang laki-laki, misalnya menggantikan : a boy, a photographer, a cameraman, Andi, my brother, an actor, dll.

c.       “They” sebagai kata ganti orang atau benda yang lebih dari satu, misalnya menggantikan : some cats, two photos, calendars, people, Andi and Jono, my brothers, our activities, dll


A duck swam in the pool. When I caught, it flapped its wings.  (it / itsrefers to A duck)

Budi’s mother sings with her friends. She looks happy. (She / her refers to mother)

Yudi’s sister called him with his short name.  (him / his refers to Yudi)

There are some roses in the garden. They are blooming.  (they refers to roses)

Maria lost her money. This made her sad. (this refers to lost her money)

Mimin sometimes cries in the night. I am often afraid of that. (that refers to cries in the night)

The beach is now in disorder. We never go there anymore.  (there refers to the beach)


2.      Cataphora  (sth after)
Rujukan terhadap sesuatu yang akan disebutkan kemudian/setelahnya). Kata-kata rujukannya seperti pada di table di bawah)


It + be + N

It refers to the Noun

It + modals + be + N

It refers to the Noun

It + has + been + N

It refers to the Noun

There is + N

It refers to the Noun

There are + N

It refers to the Noun

There will be + B

It refers to the Noun


It is a sunny day.  It refers to a sunny day

It’s you.   It refers to you

It was Friday yesterday.  It refers to Friday

There is a ball under the table.   Thererefers to a ball.

It takes ten minutes to do the task.   Itrefers to to do the task

It is stupid to hide oneself mistakes.  It refers to to hide oneself mistakes